What is macular degeneration primarily characterized by?

Macular degeneration is primarily characterized by progressive damage to the macula, which is the small central area of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. This condition leads to a gradual loss of central vision, which is crucial for activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces.

The macula degenerates over time due to various factors, including age-related changes, and this can manifest in two primary forms: dry and wet macular degeneration. In dry macular degeneration, yellowish deposits called drusen form under the retina. In wet macular degeneration, abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and can leak fluid or blood, causing further damage.

The emphasis on progressive damage highlights the chronic nature of the disease rather than an acute condition, so this choice accurately reflects the underlying pathology of macular degeneration. While the condition is more common in older adults, particularly those over 50, its hallmark is the gradual decline in central visual acuity rather than sudden vision loss or gender-specific prevalence.